found that okra pod mucilage is a good source as a natural antioxidant. Several studies showed the antioxidant activity of okra chemical components and related to the phenolic and flavonoid contents in okra seeds, flowers, and fruits. Natural antioxidant plays a role in our life because it can keep and protect the human health rather than an industrial antioxidant. These differences in monosaccharide types cause variations in the biological activities, therefore, needed extensive applications to compare and target the function of structure on the efficiency of okra polysaccharides. Ultrasound extraction method of okra polysaccharides showed only two similar monosaccharides (galactose and rhamnose). Table 1 showed the type of extraction method and structure analysis of okra polysaccharides. used an ultrasonic method to extract okra polysaccharides (obtained pectic polysaccharides, composed of rhamnose, galacturonic acid, and galactose) which promised to be a potential functional food and pharmaceutical industries. They found that the method PWE was a good extraction technique for okra polysaccharide with high biological activity for industrial applications. used three extraction methods to evaluate the efficiency of okra polysaccharide extract the three extraction methods were hot water extraction (HWE), pressurized water extraction (PWE), and microwave-assisted extraction (MAE). They found that those okra polysaccharides may potentially serve as novel immunomodulators supported by future studies. used macerated method and identified three fractions from okra polysaccharides with different molecular weight (600, 990, and 1300 kDa) and two groups of monosaccharide composition (group 1 galactose, rhamnose, galacturonic acid, and glucuronic acid and group 2, galactose, rhamnose, galacturonic acid, glucuronic acid, and glucose). The polysaccharide structure consists of similar monosaccharides (rhamnose, galacturonic acid, galactose, and arabinose) they suggested that the identified polysaccharides could be used as functional food ingredients for industrial application prospects. used hot water method to isolate polysaccharides from various five cultivated okra in China. It exhibited high antioxidant activity versus superoxide radicals and DPPH, and weak antioxidant activity versus hydroxyl radicals was revealed. used ultrasound-assisted extraction method to extract polysaccharides from okra vegetable which contains monosaccharides (glucose, mannose, galactose, arabinose, xylose, fructose, and rhamnose). extracted polysaccharides from the okra head waste which contains a high ratio of mucilage and found it to lower thermal degradation properties. In this review, we will present the extraction methods, chemical structure, nanoparticles, and the biological activities of polysaccharides extracted from okra vegetable, which presents a wide understanding of okra polysaccharides’ importance and further uses.Ĭhandra et al. Okra polysaccharides have not yet pharmacology extensively been investigated. The biological studies of okra bioactive compounds were investigated as antioxidant, neuroprotective, anti-diabetic, anti-hyperlipidemia, and anti-fatigue activities. Okra mucilage is used in industrial as turbidity from wastewater, and also under investigations as biodegradable food packaging. Therefore, okra is an important edible vegetable for human health. This review will enhance the scientific research findings of okra polysaccharides and recommend future prospective of polysaccharides for biological uses.įresh okra contains energy, 90% water, 7% carbohydrates, 2% protein, fibers (contains alpha-cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, pectin, fat, and wax matter), some important soluble vitamins in water and fat, and minerals like calcium, iron, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, and zinc. In this review, we will focus on the biological properties and nanoparticle uses of polysaccharides isolated from okra and the extraction methods of polysaccharides. Polysaccharides from vegetables or medicinal plants are important large molecules with various biological applications. The bioactive compounds of okra possess various biological activities such as anti-inflammation, antibacterial, anticancer, and antifungal. Okra is an edible vegetable which contains vitamins, fiber, carbohydrates, protein, and minerals. Therefore, generation of new biological functions from vegetables will increase the interests of scientific research and applications. Many diseases such as osteoporosis, diabetes, high cholesterol, obesity, heart diseases, and stroke are caused by poor, healthy lifestyle or nutrition. Vegetables with edible parts like flowers, fruits, stems, leaves, fibers, roots, and seeds are rich sources of essential vitamins, minerals, and trace elements with various medical functions.
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